Testinar Grade 3 math

Interpreting Products of Whole Numbers

Students will interpret multiplication expressions as equal groups and explain what each factor represents.

CH01-01 Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Directions Solve each problem. Show your reasoning on the page or on separate paper. Check the answer key only after finishing.

Which expression means the same as \(4\times5\)?
1. \(4+5\)
2. \(4\) more than \(5\)
3. \(5\) more than \(4\)
4. \(4\) groups of \(5\)
Ava has \(3\) bags with \(6\) marbles in each bag. Which multiplication sentence matches?
1. \(3+6=9\)
2. \(3\times3=9\)
3. \(6+6=12\)
4. \(3\times6=18\)
What multiplication equation matches this picture?
1. \(3\times5=15\)
2. \(7\times3=21\)
3. \(3+4=7\)
4. \(4\times3=12\)
A classroom has \(3\) tables. Each table has \(9\) chairs. How many chairs are there altogether?
1. \(9-3=6\)
2. \(3+9=12\)
3. \(9\times9=81\)
4. \(3\times9=27\)
Noah drew \(6\) boxes with \(4\) stars in each box. How many stars did Noah draw in total?
1. \(10\) stars (adds \(6+4\))
2. \(15\) stars
3. \(16\) stars (multiplies by second number: \(4\times4\))
4. \(24\) stars
Which repeated addition matches this array?
1. \(3+3=6\)
2. \(2+2+2=6\)
3. \(3+3+3=9\)
4. \(4+4+4=12\)
Eli has \(3\) boxes with \(7\) pencils in each box. How many pencils does Eli have?
1. \(10\) pencils (adds \(3+7\))
2. \(11\) pencils (miscounting: forgets one group)
3. \(14\) pencils (multiplies first number by itself and second: \(3+3+3+7\))
4. \(21\) pencils
Lily made \(5\) flower pots. She put \(6\) flowers in each pot. What is the total number of flowers?
1. \(11\) flowers (adds \(5+6\))
2. \(35\) flowers (multiplies by wrong amount)
3. \(25\) flowers (confuses: \(5\times5\) instead of \(5\times6\))
4. \(30\) flowers

Teacher and parent reference

Answer key and explanations

D. \(4\) groups of \(5\)
\(4\times5\) means "\(4\) groups of \(5\)" (or \(5+5+5+5\)). Each group has \(5\) objects, and there are \(4\) groups.
D. \(3\times6=18\)
Three bags with \(6\) marbles each means \(3\) groups of \(6\). So \(3\times6=6+6+6=18\).
D. \(4\times3=12\)
The picture shows \(4\) rows with \(3\) circles in each row. This is \(4\) groups of \(3\), so \(4\times3=12\).
D. \(3\times9=27\)
Three tables with nine chairs each means \(3\) groups of \(9\). So \(3\times9=27\) chairs. Option B is a common misconception (adding instead of multiplying); C confuses the first factor; D confuses operation.
D. \(24\) stars
\(6\) boxes with \(4\) stars in each box means \(6\) groups of \(4\). So \(6\times4=24\) stars.
D. \(4+4+4=12\)
The array shows \(3\) columns with \(4\) squares in each column. This means \(4+4+4=12\) or \(3\times4=12\).
D. \(21\) pencils
\(3\) boxes with \(7\) pencils in each box means \(3\) groups of \(7\). So \(3\times7=21\) pencils.
D. \(30\) flowers
\(5\) pots with \(6\) flowers each means \(5\) groups of \(6\). So \(5\times6=30\) flowers.