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Markup: $Markup \ Percentage \ = \ \frac{Selling \ Price \ - \ Cost}{Cost} \times 100$
Discount: Selling price $=$ original price $–$ discount
Tax: Total Sales Tax $=$ Item Cost $\times$ Sales Tax
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Calculating unit prices and total prices is an important skill to develop. This skill will not only help in academic scenarios but also in everyday life situations such as grocery shopping or budget planning. Let's break this down into a step-by-step guide:
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Percent Error is a mathematical concept used in statistics and science to determine the accuracy of an experimental or observed value in comparison to a true or accepted value. It is essentially a measure of how off a particular measurement or calculation might be from the actual or expected value. 
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In mathematics, a decimal can be defined as a number which has two parts: a whole part and a fractional part, and these two parts are separated by a decimal point. The whole part always represents a number greater than one, while the fractional part, i.e., the part after the decimal, always represents a number less than one.
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To determine the power or exponent of $10$, we must first establish how many places the decimal point must be moved after the single-digit value.

• If the given integer is a multiple of ten, the decimal point must be moved to the left, and the power of ten will be positive. For example, the number $6000 \ = \ 6 \times 10^3$ is written ...

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A negative exponent tells us how many times we must multiply the reciprocal of the base in order to get the result we want. In the case of the expression $a^{-n}$, it can be stretched to the expression $\frac{1}{a^n}$. It implies that we must multiply the reciprocal of a, i.e., $\frac{1}{a}$ $n$ times, in order to get the answer.
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Some multiplication properties of exponents are:

• The Product Law states that $a^m \times a^n \ = \ a^{m \ + \ n}$
• The Law of Quotients states that $\frac{a^m}{a^n} \ = \ a^{m \ - \ n}$
• The Law of the Power of a Power is as follows: ...

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While multiplying monomials, keep the following rules in mind:

• Always remember the sign rules while multiplication. If both signs are the same, the resulting sign would be a “+”. And, if both signs are opposite, then the resulting sign would be “-“.
• Next, while multiplying, the powers of the same variables add up. For example, the multiplication of $3x^2 \times 2x^3$ gives $6x^5$ as a result. So, here we can see that the powers $2$ and $3$ added up to give $5$.

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To simplify a polynomial expression, apply the below-mentioned steps:

• First, simplify the expression by adding/subtracting the like terms.
• Also, wherever possible, use the distributive property.

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To write a polynomial in the standard form, we must arrange all powers of $x$ in descending order. For example, in $4x^2 \ - \ 9x^3 \ + \ 13x \ - \ 7$, we write the standard form as:
$-9x^3 \ + \ 4x^2 \ + \ 13x \ – \ 7$.
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